• Agroecology/Ecosystems

• Communities

• Crop Management/Systems

• Ecology initiative

• Education

• Grazing/Forage Management

• Integrated Pest Management

• Livestock Management/Systems

• Marketing and Food Systems Initiative

• Nutrient Management

• Pest Management

• Policy initiative

• Soil and Water Quality

Ecology and restoration of farmland woods in central Iowa, 2001, #98-21
Abstract: The researchers studied the distribution and abundance of the plant species of farmland woodlots in central Iowa, with particular emphasis on the differences in species composition between sites currently or recently grazed by cattle versus those that had not been grazed for more than 50 years. In addition, various attributes of common species and less common (restricted) species were compared.

Effects of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis corn pollen on the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus, 2003, #01-58
Abstract: Transgenic Bt corn has been widely planted in Iowa. This study considered whether plant tissues released by Bt corn (pollen and anthers) have an effect on monarch butterfly larvae.

The effects of transgenic soybeans and associated herbicide treatment upon soil-surface mesofauna, 2001, #99-29
Abstract: While the percentage of transgenic soybean varieties being planted in Iowa has increased greatly, little has been done to evaluate the ecological consequences of these new technologies. Investigators examined the possible effects of three of these transgenic varieties and their associated broad-spectrum herbicides on soil-surface meso-fauna, specifically springtails.

Incorporating native plant communities on farms for forage and wildlife, 1999, #96-74
Abstract: Rotational grazing systems have potential to reduce soil loss and fossil fuel use, and may increase biodiversity by providing a wildlife habitat. Establishing native, warm-season plant communities based on the region's native tallgrass prairie ecosystem as part of a rotational grazing system would benefit graziers by offering higher drought tolerance and pasture production levels in the midsummer months.

Integrating hunting and grazing—a southern Iowa investigation into management issues, 2005, #03-E6
Abstract: Land resources in southern Iowa are limited, yet there is increased interest in both improved wildlife habitat and hunter access to these lands. The study looks at ways to achieve these goals without shortchanging area farmers.

The role of herbaceous woodland perennial diversity for improving nutrient uptake capacity of riparian areas, 2006, #E4-2004
Abstract: This project investigated the roles of forest understory perennial plant communities in storing nutrients and preventing pollution of surface waters.

Toxicity of pesticides adsorbed to suspended sediment to larval fish in the Cedar River, 2001, #98-80
Abstract: How do suspended sediment and pesticides introduced into Iowa streams and rivers by erosion of agricultural soil affect warm water fish? This study looks at how chlorpyrifos, a widely used pesticide, and suspended sediment interact with each other in river water and their effects on the survival of larval walleye.

The value of filter strips for grassland bird communities, 2004, #02-24
Abstract: Grassland birds may be attracted to filter strips for nesting. This project explores what qualities might be incorporated into filter strips to make them more effective as bird habitat and nesting sites.

Wildlife use of terraces in Iowa row crop fields, 1999, #98-35
Abstract: Terracing is a soil conservation practice that has been promoted throughout the Midwest since the days of the Dust Bowl era. The benefits for controlling soil erosion are well documented, but the values to wildlife are much less clear. This study documented the numbers and species of birds and small mammals as well as the number of small mammal dens in southwest Iowa terraces.

Alternative and horticulture crop education and marketing pilot project, 2002, #99-56
Abstract: How do farmers embark on a new type of production system, such as for vegetable and horticultural crops? This project helped a group of southern Iowa farmers organize infrastructure and find markets for these crops outside the usual farmers markets

Assessing the impact of instructors and students as transfer agents, 2000, #99-07
Abstract: This project followed up with high school vocational agriculture teachers to see whether their students carried informational messages beyond the classroom. It also investigated whether the level of training the classroom instructor received on a particular topic had an impact on student retention and use of the message.

Building Hope in the Heartland: a training program, 2001, special project
Abstract: Funding was used to help sponsor a workshop, "Building Hope in the Heartland," on March 14, 2000, in Dubuque, Iowa. Attendees included parish nurses, social workers, and pastoral counselors.

Community and economic regeneration through strengthening the local food economy, 2001, #98-13
Abstract: The goal of this project was to work with institutional food buyers to explore and implement ways that would help them purchase a greater portion of their food supply from local/regional farmers and processors.

Community Guide to Agriculture (Johnson County), 2000, special project
Abstract: More than 1,000 people have been reached though the various Johnson County "Community Guide to Agriculture" programs. Among the outreach efforts were workshops, displays, farm and farm business tours, and programs on Iowa City's public cable channel.

Compensation of farm employees, 1999, #98-64
Abstract: Iowa farm operators were surveyed to learn what type and level of compensation they paid to full-time employees in 1997. The average total compensation paid was $26, 914, of which 79 percent consisted of cash wages. Benefits accounted for 18 percent of the compensation, and bonuses and wages in kind amounted to 3 percent. Housing and insurance plans were the most significant benefits provided.

Determining the benefits of environmental improvements in pork production and their sustainability: a community-based study of Iowa's pork industry, 1999, #97-52
Abstract: What is a more sustainable environment worth to pork producers, neighbors, rural community residents, and pork consumers? Surveys and experimental auctions were used to gauge participants' willingness to pay for pork products produced in systems with differing environmental improvements and/or impacts.

Developing a local food system in association with business and industry, 2005, #02-67
Abstract: A Maquoketa, Iowa, partnership was created to establish a demonstration for locally produced foods with a target market of employees at local businesses and industries.

Establishment of a local food system in eastern Iowa, 2003, #00-26
Abstract: Several strategies to enhance local food production and marketing were employed by the Johnson County (IA) Soil and Water Conservation District. Among them were a pilot project on institutional buying practices, a directory of local food products, planning of locally sourced "All-Iowa meals," and other educational and outreach activities.

Examining the potential for organic apple production -- the Homestead Orchard Project, 2002, #99-22
Abstract: Organic orchard management is not new, however, Midwest apple growers lack information and models on how to make their operations work well. This project tests various organic orchard management tools at an orchard operated by people with developmental disabilities.

Field to Family Community Food Project, 1999, #98-75
Abstract: Community-supported agriculture (CSA) is a local food system in which farmers provide fresh food, fiber, and related products directly to the consumers in their area. The Field to Family Community Food Project began in 1997 and was intended to support the Magic Beanstalk CSA project by forming partnerships with other local organizations such as churches, social service organizations, Iowa State University, and other community groups.

Institutional and commercial food service buyers' perceptions of benefits and obstacles to purchase of locally grown and processed foods, 2003, #01-38
Abstract: The three-phase project investigated several issues facing institutional and commercial food services related to purchasing of locally grown and processed food.

An internship program to help institutional food buyers develop links to local farms in northeast Iowa, 2005, #01-A13
Abstract: Iowa college interns worked with the UNI Local Food Project, food buyers, and farmers to improve local food purchasing processes.

Local food connections: From farms to restaurant, 2004, #02-29
Abstract: A new resource manual and an existing food brokering project were supported by this grant to enhance Iowa's local food systems.

Making the connection -- linking farms to HRIs, 2002, #00-67
Abstract: Iowa farmers interested in selling their products locally wanted more information about the institutional-type markets for these foods so they could determine how to work with these markets.

Non-farmer's Guide to Agriculture (Polk County), 1999, #98-57
Abstract: An educational program helped non-farmers better understand agriculture through presentations and farm tours. Approximately 850 people participated and reported that the program was an enlightening, worthwhile experience. Two focus groups were held to assess attitudes about land use and quality of life issues in the Des Moines metro area.

Organic farming demonstration project -- eastern Iowa, 2002, #99-21
Abstract: On-farm demonstration sites were developed in Dubuque and Jackson County to show interested producers some of the proven organic farming practices that are available.

Our rural supermarket: Locally grown foods project, 2002, Special project
Abstract: Organizers in northwest Iowa wanted to encourage production and purchase of local food in their area.

Rural regeneration through direct marketing of Audubon County meats, 2000, #98-12
Abstract: Audubon County Family Farms direct-marketed their farm products through the downtown farmers market in Des Moines. In addition to selling their products, the farmers encouraged dialogue with urban consumers through personal interaction and educational activities.

Some alternatives for multiple use land management in southern Iowa, 2004, #03-P1
Abstract: Information was gathered by a conservation group to aid the Southern Iowa Development and Conservation Authority in creative planning for future land management.

Squaw Creek watershed social assessment: Values, beliefs, and perceptions of water quality and landscape change, 2004, #03-E1
Abstract: Selected residents of three central Iowa counties were surveyed to determine their thoughts and opinions on water quality issues in the Squaw Creek watershed basin.

Sustainability and community food systems in four Iowa counties, 2004, #00-69
Abstract: Four Iowa counties (Benton, Marshall, Audubon and Johnson) were studied to determine how local food systems had developed, prospered, or struggled in the face of challenges from globalization and industrialization.

Together in Tough Times, 2001, special project
Abstract: Four Iowa communities struggling with the changing face of agriculture and subsequent economic woes were chosen as the sites for community conversations about coping with in difficult circumstances.

Youth and conservation methods, 2000, #99-58
Abstract: How to get young people interested in conservation and environmental preservation is a concern for educators and environmental groups. One possibility explored here was to encourage students to speak with people who are carrying out agricultural conservation practices and then try to summarize these ideas and experiences on a video tape.

Agronomic and environmental soil testing for phosphorus and threshold levels in soils, 2004, #01-11
Abstract: Greater knowledge of soil phosphorus (P) is needed to develop application recommendations for Iowa farmers. This project provides more data on the topic by addressing both agronomic and water quality issues.

Black walnut cultivar performance, 2004, #02-01
Abstract: Those interested in planting black walnuts have lacked information about the best cultivars available for planting in Iowa. This project initiated long-term studies of several varieties of black walnut trees to determine the best cultivars for Iowa growers.

Crop response to zinc as a micronutrient in Iowa, 2002, #00-04
Abstract: How does corn respond to application of zinc fertilizer on various Iowa soils? How can zinc be applied more effectively using new technology that spreads fertilizer at varying rates? This project sought more information on corn grain yield responses to zinc applications within fields with varying soil characteristics.

Development and implementation of cost-effective fertilization and tillage management alternatives for improving soil quality in corn-soybean rotations, 2001, #98-36
Abstract: A variety of tillage and fertilization treatments for corn were tested in research settings and on producers' farms. Information generated would be used to recommend applications of various crop nutrients in an environmentally safe, cost-effective manner.

Development of dormancy breaking mechanisms in eastern gamagrass, 2004, #01-19
Abstract: Eastern gamagrass would be an excellent pasture grass, but producers have difficulty establishing a stand. Various techniques for solving the dormancy problems in eastern gamagrass were investigated and analyzed.

Development of switchgrass as a viable agricultural commodity for farmers in southern Iowa, 2002, #98-14
Abstract: The Chariton Valley Biomass project involves transforming switchgrass into a cash energy crop for southern Iowa farmers. The Leopold Center provided funding for communication and education activities connected with the project.

Development of switchgrass as a viable agricultural commodity for farmers in southern Iowa, 2004, #02-26
Abstract: The Chariton Valley Biomass Project was aided by the Leopold Center's contribution to its education and outreach activities. The project aimed to inform Iowans about the potential for growing switchgrass for biomass energy purposes.

Eastern gamagrass seed dormancy, 2000, #97-30
Abstract: Eastern gamagrass has considerable value as a forage source and conservation aid, but can be very difficult to establish because its seed does not germinate easily, even with all the necessary environmental factors present. Understanding seed dormancy in eastern gamagrass is the major objective of this work.

Economic analysis of variable rate management for corn and soybean systems, 2000, #97-48
Abstract: What is the potential payoff for farmers moving from traditional whole-field management or integrated crop management to precision farming? Using computer models, the investigators sought to analyze how inputs can be applied at optimal rates variably across a field in order to match inputs with crop needs. Over the long term, only modest increases were shown in gross returns from these practices. However, gross returns for individual years can be substantial.

Establishment and persistence of legumes on sites varying in aspect, landscape position, and soil type, 2000, #97-29
Abstract: Most Iowa pastures display only a small variety of plant species, resulting in large seasonal and annual variations in pasture productivity. This project evaluated the causes for these variations in cool-season grass pastures and considered ways to improve diversity of legume species used for grazing.

Evaluation of forage plants collected from permanent pastures throughout Iowa, 2001, 98-69
Abstract: There has been no collection of forage plant germplasm in Iowa for more than 50 years. Researchers collected and evaluated several types of plants in Iowa pastures to see if they had traits associated with grazing tolerance or, on a larger scale, with long-term pasture persistence..

Evaluation of interactions within a shelterbelt ecosystem, 1997, #93-04
Abstract: A tree shelterbelt comprised of four rows of hybrid poplars was established near Ogden, Iowa, in 1992 to evaluate shelterbelt characteristics and impacts on soil water content and crop growth and yield. Major emphasis was on testing corn and soybeans. The first three years saw few effects from the shelterbelt, and data from these years will be used to develop a baseline for future measurements. In the fourth and fifth years, corn yield patterns suggested that the shelterbelt increases yields in the zone leeward from the shelterbelt. Soybeans have not shown a response to presence of the shelterbelt.

Evaluation of interactions within a shelterbelt agroecosystem, 2000, #97-53
Abstract: Yield data for corn (eight years) and soybeans (six years) were collected and analyzed to determine the impacts of a hybrid poplar shelterbelt on crop production on a central Iowa farm.

Evaluation of organic soil amendments for certified organic vegetable and herb production, 2002, #99-50
Abstract: Responding to increased interest from the state's organic farmers, this study analyzed some of the natural soil amendment/fertilizer products used in the production of organic vegetables and herbs. Using both on-farm and university research sites, yield and post-harvest quality of peppers, three herbs, and broccoli were assessed.

Evaluation of three cropping systems grown under the influence of a shelterbelt, 2001, #98-26
Abstract: Shelterbelts have the potential to influence growth and yield from various cropping systems. On-farm tests were conducted to determine how shelterbelts interacted with corn, corn/soybean, and strip intercropping

Feasibility of organic soybean production following CRP land, 2002, #99-49
Abstract: What is the potential for organic crops on land returning to production after being idled in a conservation program? On-farm demonstrations explored the effects of different tillage methods, weed control efforts, and cropping systems on organic soybean growth.

Genetic diversity and performance of oat variety blends, 2001, #00-50
Abstract: Iowa farmers who typically use a two-crop (corn/soybean) rotation could benefit from adding a third crop to reduce weed and pathogen problems, while improving soil quality. Oat is one of the most common alternative crop in Iowa, but has been hindered by unreliable yields. The potential performance increase in oat variety blends over pure-live varieties was investigated.

Improving farm nutrient management by optimizing organic matter inputs and root health, 2005, #02-41
Abstract: Farmer cooperators conducted strip trials to help investigators create a nutrient and organic matter budgeting system that offered whole farm management guidelines to tighten nitrogen budgets for corn. Corn root health also was analyzed.

Improving productivity of warm-season pastures by interseeding legumes, 2004, #01-35
Abstract: The dynamics of warm-season grass and legume plant communities are affected by grazing landscape and soil type. This project explored how these factors could be managed by western Iowa farmers to successfully establish higher-quality summer pastures comprised of warm-season grass/legume mixtures.

Improving tree establishment with forage crops, 2002, #99-85
Abstract: Weed competition and economics are two common barriers to Iowa farmers' investing in tree plantings. This project examined seven weed control strategies and investigated productivity of small grain/forage combinations raised with trees in an effort to suggest management options that would encourage tree planting in the state.

Iowa location of pawpaw regional trials, 2003, #00-20
Abstract: The goal of this initial three-year project was to establish the pawpaw trees and bring them to fruiting stage. This was part of a long-term effort to evaluate the potential for an Iowa pawpaw tree fruit crop.

Local ecotype prairie seed -- an alternative agricultural product for increasing the viability of smaller farming operations, 2003, #99-45
Abstract: What is the potential for a "prairie truck farm" in Iowa? Investigators tried to determine if it was feasible to establish diverse production plots around the state, with seeds being collected and produced locally, and used as an alternative crop for farmers.

A simple method to increase alfalfa yields in the establishment year, 2001, #00-47
Abstract: Any practice that would improve alfalfa's profitability could increase its use by producers. The method tested in this study -- mixing seed of non-dormant and dormant cultivars at planting -- is simple, and could improve traditionally poor yields during the establishment year.

Small grain and annual forage legume intercrops for Iowa, 2001, #98-68
Abstract: Current cropping practices in Iowa have reduced diversity in crop production to predominantly corn and soybean. Low prices, weed and pest control problems, and erosion have plagued these monoculture crop systems. Small grains and forages represent potentially viable alternative crops to corn and soybean in Iowa. Producers could opt for an annual intercrop that provides grain and forage without taking land out of corn and soybean for more than one year. This project tested the possibilities for combining small grains with a forage crop for a one-year intercrop.

Soil quality, yield stability, and economic attributes of alternative crop rotations, 2001, #98-05
Abstract: Three long-term rotational crop studies in Iowa and one in Wisconsin were examined for conclusive evidence of rotational effects on soil quality. Long-term yield data also were evaluated to determine if there was a quantifiable relationship between soil quality and yield or yield stability.

Sustainable grape production for the reestablishment of Iowa’s grape industry, 2005, #02-46
Abstract: Reviving the grape industry in Iowa requires development of improved sustainable production systems. This project used research, demonstration, and information transfer to educate and assist new and established Iowa grape growers.

Winter grazing of corn residues: Effects on soil properties and subsequent crop yields from a corn-soybean crop rotation, 2004, #00-35
Abstract: Corn residues could be a good resource for winter cattle grazing. The study investigates whether winter grazing causes soil compaction and yield reduction in crops that are planted following grazing.

Biological control and sustainable horticulture principles for Iowa's vocational agriculture curriculum, 2001, #98-24
Abstract: Instructional materials on biological control and sustainable horticulture principles were developed for use by teachers and students in the vocational agriculture programs in Iowa's high schools and community colleges. Students received instruction on various alternative horticultural production practices. Instructors received biological control kits for their classroom use.

Closing the loop, expanding the circle: Educational outreach for institutional food waste on small farms, 2002, Special project
Abstract: This project increased the awareness of summer camp visitors about alternatives to using public landfill facilities for disposing of food waste.

Everything you wanted to know about wildlife and fisheries: A field day for agriculturists, 1998, #96-20
Abstract: Previous wildlife-related field days sponsored by the Leopold Center and ISU Extension were successful, but mainly attracted traditional members of the sustainable agriculture and wildlife interest groups. This project sought to move beyond those boundaries to reach agribusiness and commodity groups that might not ordinarily be the recipients of an environmentally focused message.

Iowa Master Conservationist Program, 2002, Special project
Abstract: A county-level Master Conservationist Program educated many Iowans about conservation and sustainability in exchange for the participant volunteering both time and expertise to their communities.

Statewide manure management education initiative, 2001, #98-51
Abstract: After manure management was identified as a high priority issue for programming, ISU Extension launched a statewide initiative that made education and individualized assistance on manure nutrient management available to crop and livestock producers in every Iowa county. The initiative involved educational workshops for producers as well as on-farm demonstrations and increased publicity concerning the economic and environmental value of managing manure nutrients for crop production.

Sustainable and Entrepreneurial Agriculture Program at Marshalltown Community College, 2006, #MSP07-2004
Abstract: Marshalltown (Iowa) Community College used a challenge grant from the Leopold Center to establish a sustainable agriculture curriculum/training program.
 

Animal and plant responses for steers grazing switchgrass and big bluestem pasture, 1997, #93-06
Abstract: Native warm-season grasses can provide large amounts of high-quality forage during the midsummer months. Maximum potential benefits depend on management of the entire cool- and warm-season grazing system. This study compared two grazing systems for the warm-season pasture. Fall-born steers grazed pastures of "Cave-in-Rock" switchgrass or "Roundtree" big bluestem over three years using either continuous or rotational grazing systems. Pasture carrying time for switchgrass and bluestem pastures and steer weight gain were considerably higher for the rotational grazing program than for the continuous grazing system.

Collection of forage crop germplasm throughout Iowa, 1998, #97-38
Abstract: A successful forage breeding program starts with a supply of germplasm containing adequate genetic diversity to serve as the foundation for better cultivars. No collection of forage breeding materials unique to Iowa has been done in 50 years. In this project, plants were collected from 20 pastures throughout the state. The plants' mere presence suggested that they had already survived the drought, cold temperatures, and extensive grazing that occur in Iowa, which made them good subjects for breeding purposes.

Complementary grazing systems for beef cattle production, 2004, #00-06
Abstract: Pasture productivity in Iowa often is limited by the low yield of cool-season grasses in the summer. This project considers whether uneven seasonal distribution in pastures could be improved by including species that perform better under higher temperatures.

Demonstration of an annual forage crop integrated with crop and livestock enterprises, 1998, #95-49
Abstract: Using a more diverse cropping system, such as strip intercropping, to produce forages for feeding livestock can create a more sustainable, environmentally friendly farming system. Strip intercropping of corn, soybeans, and oats underseeded with berseem clover was used to demonstrate agronomic and environmental benefits of a more varied cropping system. This system produces oatberseem clover soilage (green-chop) that can be utilized to feed beef cattle.

Demonstration and technology transfer to producers implementing sustainable rotational grazing systems, 2003, #01-02
Abstract: All rotational grazing systems require fences, water, and forages. This project used hands-on demonstrations to show producers some of the options available for each of these components of a successful grazing system.

Determination of early summer pasture conditions to optimize forage and calf productivity and profitability, 2000, #97-20
Abstract: Forages can be valuable elements in a sustainable production system. The date when animals are first allowed to graze on pastures can impact the quality and amount of forages available. This study explored various factors that influence successful grazing.

Education-demonstration for intensive grazing and forage management on highly erodible land, 1998, #96-41
Abstract: The wise use of highly erodible marginal land is an important economic and environmental issue. Rotational grazing for livestock is one method of land use improvement suitable for HEL or other cropland that needs to be converted to pasture. Using an existing demonstration farm in Adams County, Iowa various paddock arrangements and forage varieties were tested to help farmers devise appropriate sustainable grazing systems.

Evaluating the adaptability of forage species and varieties in northwest Iowa, 2005, #99-41
Abstract: Iowa’s harsh climate can make forage establishment and maintenance difficult. This project examined which forages might be best adapted to growth and survival in northwest Iowa.

Grass-based dairy and dairy networks/promotions, 2003, #01-32
Abstract: What is the potential for grass-based dairying in southern Iowa? How can we help beginning farmers and others enter the dairying profession? Fifteen dairy operations participated in a study to answer these questions.

Incorporating grassland agriculture into row crop production systems, 2005, #02-39
Abstract: This project explored ways to make grassland agriculture a more appealing option for Iowa producers who have marginal soils on their farms.

Intensive rotational grazing management education-demonstration for Northeast Iowa dairy and beef producers, 1998, #96-38
Abstract: Hay is a major crop for northeast Iowa cattle producers. The difficulty and cost of growing and harvesting quality hay and the continued pressure to reduce costs has stimulated producer interest in management intensive grazing systems. This project offered Iowa farmers extensive, hands-on information and experience with intensive grazing techniques.

Iowa Lakes Controlled Grazing, Inc. (ILCG) project, 2000, #95-13
Abstract: Through the efforts of the Iowa Lakes Controlled Grazing, Inc. (ILCG) project, producers in four northwest Iowa counties learned more about how management intensive grazing and other alternative practices could be used to increase their profits and preserve environmental quality.

Iowa Pasture Management Guide, 1998, #96-72
Abstract: While there is a great deal of information available on pasture management and utilization, there is no one existing publication that could serve as a comprehensive source of advice on the subject for Iowa farmers. Using feedback from a focus group, a handbook to aid Iowa farmers in pasture management has been prepared.

Biologically intensive pest management: Iowa apple growers take the next step toward sustainability, 2001, #98-45
Abstract: Iowa growers have made strides in decreasing chemical use in their apple production. However, demands of the marketplace and regulatory agencies mean that growers need to investigate ways to further reduce pesticide use, potentially through biologically intensive pest management.

Building an Integrated Pest Management network in cooperation with Iowa fruit and vegetable growers, 1997, #92-47
Abstract: Fifty-one commercial growers of apples, strawberries, tomatoes, and/or watermelons cooperated with ISU Extension specialists in a three-year program to evaluate Integrated Pest Management (IPM) control techniques. Scouts and growers monitored pest infestations and diseases such as codling moth on apples, tarnished plant bugs on strawberries, and anthracnose on tomatoes and melons. Growers sprayed only when pest populations or disease risk values reached levels capable of doing crop damage. Weather conditions were monitored for periods favorable to pest outbreaks. On average, ISU researchers estimate that growers applied from 25 to 55 percent fewer insecticides and fungicide sprays (depending on the year and the particular pest) by suing IPM methods in comparison to their usual practices. For the growers, this meant decreased input costs, a better bottom line, and enhanced competitiveness.

Supporting Leopold Center IPM research through on-farm trials and demonstrations, 1997, #95-39
Abstract: The efforts of the Leopold Center Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Issue Team were augmented and advanced through collaboration with the Practical Farmers of Iowa (PFI). Using a program of on-farm research, demonstrations, and farm field days, the project evaluated two methods that refine IPM by providing biological control options and/or more precise information about effective (as opposed to gross) pest infestation levels. Biological controls of alfalfa weevil and European corn borer were tested.

Transferring biological control technology to Iowa strawberry growers, 2001, #96-77
Abstract: Growers receive nearly $3.5 million gross income from strawberry production in Iowa. Substitution of environmentally friendly, natural products and biological controls for the current chemical-intensive growing approaches will be critical to the expansion of strawberry production in Iowa.

Alternative farrowing systems during cold weather, 2006, #E03-2003
Abstract: The project investigators studied the performance of alternative farrowing systems during cold weather. These systems have the potential to expand the niche pork markets in Iowa by making larger supplies of marketable pork available in the summer months.

Alternative swine cost of production project, 2004, #PNMWG5-02
Abstract: Pork producers interested in niche market production need information on the costs of alternative operations. Records from current niche producers were collected and analyzed.

Beef cattle feeding in deep-bedded hoop barns, 2006, #SP1-2004
Abstract: A low-cost, versatile bedded hoop barn for feeding cattle may help alleviate runoff and other environmental problems associated with open beef cattle feedlots while maintaining animal performance.

Botanicals as part of an integrated value-added pork production system, 1999, #98-52
Abstract: Selected herbs are known to naturally possess antibacterial and other characteristics that could be useful in animal protein production. Inclusion of these herbs in animal feeds as alternative growth promotion and efficiency stimulants may be able to address some of the current concerns about the possibility of significant antibiotic-resistant bacteria development that stems from drugs currently used at sub-therapeutic levels in animal production. Several herbs were tested for their ability to aid animal growth rates and feed efficiency without giving rise to antibiotic-resistant microbes.

Botanicals as part of an integrated value-added pork production system, 2001, #00-37
Abstract: Some herbs are known to exhibit natural antimicrobial activity and other characteristics that could be useful in value-added animal production. Four botanical products were tested for possible inclusion in swine feeds as alternatives to synthetic chemotherapeutic and \antimicrobial agents.

Chariton Valley Beef Initiative, 2002, #99-71
Abstract: Chariton Valley Beef Industry Initiative (CVB) was started by producers seeking to improve their herd management skills and simultaneously look into value- added markets. Individualized computer analysis of past carcass data is a key product supplied to CVB members.

Coupling swine technologies: swine system options, 2000, #97-31
Abstract: Three major alternative swine production systems were researched and demonstrated at Iowa State University research farms: hoop structures at Allee Farm near Newell and Rhodes Farm near Rhodes, outdoor farrowing at the Western Farm near Castana, and a deep-bedded Swedish system at the Armstrong Farm near Lewis.

Dairy manure quantification and characterization in grazing systems, 2001, #99-16
Abstract: Information is needed on the amount and nutrient concentrations of manure generated by lactating dairy cows that are managed in an intensive grazing system. Currently the most frequently cited data sources for these are 20-year old ASAE tables.
These data are important because manure nutrient figures are used to determine the maximum animal stocking density that will safeguard against nutrient runoff or degradation of water quality by concentrated nutrients.

Demonstration of a Swedish sustainable swine production system in Iowa, 1998, #95-72
Abstract: Many Iowa hog farmers are interested in alternative systems for producing pigs. This project demonstrated an approach to profitable pork production designed to be compatible with the pigs' natural behaviors. It has been used successfully in Sweden, and was transplanted to Iowa with generally favorable results.

Demonstration of swine carcass composting as part of an environmentally friendly production system, 2002, #00-33
Abstract: Carcass composting is not a new technology, but it has excellent potential to be part of a swine production system that uses solid bedding.

Evaluation of diatomaceous earth as an adjunct to sheep parasite control in organic farming, 1997, #95-34
Abstract: Diatomaceous earth (DE) has been touted as a natural and effective way to control gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in sheep. In this study, grazing lambs were fed DE at 5 and 10 percent of a supplemental ration for periods from 66 to 117 days. Weight gains, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, fecal egg/gram counts, and abomasal GI larval counts were not different in controls vs. DE-fed lambs. DE by itself was not shown to be an effective parasite control agent, but could be used as part of a parasite control program.

Evaluation of the nitrogen and energy utilization of legume forages by growing cattle and sheep, 1999, #98-09
Abstract: Forages can help maintain or enhance environmental quality by preventing soil erosion and increasing soil nitrogen so that less nitrogen fertilizer is needed. However, because the protein in most legume forages is highly degraded in the rumen of cattle or sheep, utilization of forage protein may be inefficient. This research project looked at the possibilities for using berseem clover and kura clover to increase feed efficiency of growing animals and lactating dairy cows.

Growing dairy heifers in southwest Iowa, 2002, #99-11
Abstract: Southwest Iowa farmers were looking for a farming enterprise to add value to their forage and grain production and use their labor. The original plan was to grow dairy heifers on pasture in the summer, sell them in the fall, and keep track of the economics of a dairy heifer system.

Livestock and the environment in Sioux County, 2003, #00-36
Abstract: Why don't livestock producers make the best use of their manure resources? How can they do a better job? Focus groups and a countywide survey in Iowa's Sioux County, a major livestock producing area, were used to answer this question.

Winter grazing of stockpiled grass-legume forages to reduce costs of developing beef heifers, 2006, #E35-2004
Abstract: Livestock producers looking for ways to cut costs may find that winter grazing offers a viable option.

Analyzing local food systems for success: Naming and graphing entrepreneurial and community based agriculture linkages, 2007, #M04-2004
Abstract: The project sought to document food- and community-related information available in southwest Iowa counties and to connect various sectors that might work together to add value to local foods and increase food commerce.

New! Assessing needs and fostering agricultural entrepreneurship among immigrants in several Iowa communities, 2008, # M2006-07
Abstract: Two Iowa communities learn about opportunities to support local immigrant populations with an interest in farming enterprises.

Assessing the market potential for goat meat among recent immigrants to Siouxland, 2007, #M33-2005
Abstract: The niche market for goat meat is expanding with Iowa’s immigrant population. Researchers consider how farmers can tap into that market.

Assessing the market potential of specialty forest products in local food systems, 2005, #04-M08A
Abstract: Non-timber specialty forest products show potential for farmers hoping to diversify their operations. This project and survey evaluated the interest in and obstacles to the production and marketing of these crops.

New! Bridging the gap: What does it take to bring small- and medium-sized producers and retail and foodservice distributors together? 2008, # M2006-05
Abstract: Bringing farmers and food distributors together to find common ground could accelerate the spread of locally grown food throughout the food chain.

New! Business organization and coordination in niche hog marketing, 2008, # M2004-22
Abstract: Niche hog marketing enterprises face a unique set of challenges. This study considered five critical management issues, and analyzed the workings of two niche pork markets in Iowa. Issues of market timing, product quality, process verification, business organization, and sharing of returns are discussed.

Case studies and benchmark transaction costs for select food products, 2007, #M02-2006
Abstract: Producer-distributors can use the information in this set of case studies to identify commercial advantages and disadvantages that can affect the success of their enterprises.

New! Cash flow and product profitability analysis and improvement for small meat processors, 2008, # M2007-16
Abstract: Education on financial management techniques, individual assistance, and valuable information was provided to several of Iowa’s small meat processing firms.

Co-location of industries with small livestock slaughter facilities in the Midwest, 2004, #M03-04
Abstract: This November 2003 study researched the possibilities for Iowa producers who are interested in specialized smaller-scale slaughter facilities and their potential, both for co-products and related industries.

Company environmental and societal positions as sources of competitive advantage: Implications for sustainable agriculture producers, 2005, #04-M05
Abstract: Use of an environmental positioning strategy can help small-scale agricultural producers present their products to consumers in a more appealing manner.

Company environmental and societal positions as sources of competitive advantage: Consumer- and retailer-level effects, 2006, #M07-2005
Abstract: Smaller producers need to differentiate themselves from larger operations to ensure their economic survival. One way to do this is to market their products as being environmentally friendly and/or socially responsible.

Consumer perceptions of place-based foods, food chain profit distribution, and family farms, 2006, #MSP05-2004
Abstract: Consumers were asked for their views on a variety of alternative marketing scenarios for food products; the scenario responses offer guidance for producers seeking new ways to position their products.

New! Determining the methods for measuring the economic and fiscal impacts associated with organic crop conversion in Iowa, 2008, # M2006-12
Abstract: This study examines the economic benefits and risks that increased organic crop production can bring to a community or region.

Developing an integrated research and outreach program for niche pork, 2006, #M28-2005
Abstract The project goal was to help farmers with production challenges involved in raising niche hogs (i.e., certified organic and antibiotic-free). It focused on developing and securing funds for an integrated research and outreach program to address swine production challenges. A second strategy was to continue to provide support for the Pork Niche Market Working Group.

New! Development of a niche agriculture small business money map and process to disseminate information, 2008, # M2007-06
Abstract: A key constraint for small businesses is the dearth of operating capital. The situation is especially critical for niche market agricultural enterprises. This project identified barriers in access to capital for niche marketers.

Development of a rural wine culture in Iowa, 2007, #M14-2005
Abstract: The project documents the process of creating a geographically-based identity for grapes and wine production in eastern Iowa.

Documenting the costs and benefits of whole animal local meat purchases by three northeast Iowa institutions, 2005, #04-M06
Abstract: Results from this project are aimed at facilitating the purchase of locally grown livestock by institutional buyers.

Economic analysis of current and potential Muscatine melon market, 2006, MSP09-2004
Abstract: The Muscatine melon traditionally has been one of Iowa’s best known produce items. As the number of acres and producers decline, melon producers are looking for ways to make their product a more attractive economic production option, and place-based marketing may be helpful. Melon producers, however, need to ask themselves if they are willing to cooperatively develop and market a place-based product in order to achieve higher prices and profitability.

Economic viability of local food marketing for restaurant operations and growers/producers in Iowa, 2007, #M17-2005
Abstract: The study considers what economic costs and benefits, and non-economic factors would influence restaurants and producers/growers to purchase/sell locally grown/produced foods.

Evaluating on-farm food handling practices and microbiological quality of locally grown produce and eggs, 2005, #04-01 MSP
Abstract: Food safety practices used on the farm by Iowa fruit and vegetable and fresh shell egg producers were examined. Recommendations for improvements were suggested at a workshop at the end of the project and several extension bulletins were published.

Grinnell Area Local Food System Initiative, 2006, #M01-2003
Abstract: This project provides a model for formation of a consortium of organizations to encourage and oversee the development of a local food system based upon sustainable farming practices.

New! Growing Farm to ISU: The first five months, 2008, # MSP2007-01
Abstract: Working together, ISU Dining and local producers seek to improve communications and sales of local food products.

Growing your small market farm business planning program, 2005, #04-MSP6
Abstract: This business planning program offered guidance and advice to aspiring and existing specialty farm business people to create their own specialty farm business plan.

New! Growing your small market farm business planning program, 2008, # M2005-19
Abstract: Small farm business enterprises receive technical advice and planning assistance.

Identification of plant residue with commercial potential as natural dyestuffs, 2005, #03-M6
Abstract: The project explored whether plants grown by farmers’ market producers could be used successfully as natural dyes for textile making. A variety of plants and dyestuffs were investigated.

New! Investigation of the economic feasibility of pasture-based dairy operations in northwest Iowa, 2008, # M2006-09
Abstract: Starting a dairy operation can be a feasible option for beginning farmers. This project explored what would make pasture-based or conventional dairying profitable for interested producers.

Johnson County Food Education Program, 2004, #M03-05
Abstract: If consumers are better informed about access to local foods as well as ways to prepare these foods, they may be more likely to seek out locally produced food.

Let the vineyards be fruitful: A study of the potential market for Iowa grape juice, 2004, #M03-03
Abstract: As grape production in Iowa increases, growers are looking for new markets. This study considers the buying potential for locally grown and processed grape juice.

Life in Iowa Homecoming Institute, 2007, #M02-2003
Abstract: College students were immersed in Iowa community life for ten weeks each summer. They worked with mentors to complete internships and community service projects.

Local food capacity in north central Iowa: Nutritional need, economic strategy, 2005, #04-M21
Abstract: The Wright County Here’s to Our Health Committee sought to expand local food activity in their area. This project offered information and support for added depth and breadth in the promotion of local food production and consumption.

Market analysis of alternative crop production in Iowa, 2005, #04-M09
Abstract: A spreadsheet was created to provide producers, distributors, and marketers with more information about county-level supplies of local food products. See the Marketing Initiative section of the Center’s web site (www.leopold.iastate.edu/research/marketing,htm ) for more information.

Market Maker for Iowa, 2007, #M29-2005
Abstract: Use of a web-based program can help Iowa producers pick and choose the best national markets for their products.

New! New food entrepreneurs: Value added enterprises for farm profitability, facilitating understanding between producers, processors and policymakers, 2008, # M2006-23
Abstract: This study researched the challenges and opportunities to improving Iowa’s small food processing sector.

New! Organic, natural and grass-fed beef: Profitability and constraints to production in the Midwestern United States, 2008, # M2005-30
Abstract: Farmers considering a transition from conventional beef production to one of several alternative production systems (such as organic, natural, or grass-fed) need to be well informed about the possible challenges and constraints of making this shift.

New! Pilot project to identify and measure the relevant costs of production for sustainable agriculture products, 2008, # M2004-05
Abstract: Accounting professionals sought to help farmers understand costs of production for their products.

Planning grant for expansion of Food Alliance ecolabel program in Iowa, 2005, #04-M14
Abstract: Food Alliance Midwest has established certification programs in Minnesota and Wisconsin to indicate when products were grown using environmentally and socially responsible practices. This project considered how to expand the certification process to Iowa.

New! Potential to operate greenhouses and aquaculture in conjunction with Iowa’s ethanol plants, 2008, # M2007-08
Abstract: Iowans looking for value-added enterprises to pair with ethanol plants can consider greenhouses and aquaculture operations as options.

The role of collaborative community supported agriculture: Lessons from Iowa, 2007, #M01-2005
Abstract: The project surveyed a variety of CSA collaborators and participants to determine whether CSAs could serve as business incubators for small-scale, rural
enterprise in Iowa.

Small and midsize Iowa farmer marketing, entrepreneurship and business planning skills training program, 2007, #M06-2005
Abstract: This highly customized training program was targeted to small and midsize farmers as well as off-farm ag-related (food/fiber) entrepreneurs in northeast Iowa.

Southwest Iowa Entrepreneurial Center: An achievable product-to-market business model for small/niche ag producers, 2006, #M13-2005
Abstract: The project takes the first steps to determine if a home-meal replacement enterprise would be a successful venture for small-scale producers in southwest Iowa.

New! Strengthening the local and regional food system in the Iowa Valley, 2008,
M2007-17
Abstract: Local leaders, residents, and food producers band together to form a collaborative food system in the Iowa Valley region.

A study of place-based food tourism in northeast Iowa communities, 2006, #MSP01-2005
Abstract: Food tourism festivals have the potential to grow markets and add value to existing place-based food products. The project profiles food tourism and documents the potential in northeast Iowa for benefits to farmers and communities.

Supply chain options for biobased businesses, 2005, #04-M13
Abstract: This 65-page research paper investigates and evaluates the supply chain structures currently being used in biobased businesses, as well as presenting corollary examples of supply chains in businesses of all types (in the United States and abroad).

Supporting direct meat marketing in Iowa, 2006, #M17-04
Abstract: This project helped farmers and processors to identify a variety of constructive ways to make direct meat marketing more successful and profitable. Tools included farmer workshops, market surveys, and various educational tools about marketing techniques.

A survey of commercially available broilers originating from organic, free-range and conventional production systems for cooked meat yields, meat composition and relative value, 2007, #M01-2006
Abstract: The project analyzed meat from broilers raised in three production systems to determine how they differed in terms of cost, yield, and various chemical and sensory qualities.

Sustainable agriculture, marketing, entrepreneurship, and business planning skill, 2007, #M03-2005
Abstract: A southern Iowa community college developed a multi-faceted agriculture education program to help revitalize the area’s rural agricultural economy.

Sustaining agricultural producers through direct marketing of processed foods, 2006, #02-16
Abstract: Farmers who want to grow specialty crops need to cultivate different marketing skills. They also need information about the profitability of producing raw foods and processed products.

Taste of Place: Place-based foods in Iowa, 2007, #M02-2005
Abstract: During 2005, the Iowa Foodways Project: Taste of Place researched, via surveys, interviews and photography, Iowa-produced foods that have a connection to place and heritage.

Taste of Place Project, Phase II: Outreach, 2007, #M13-2006
Abstract: Information gathered in a 2005 Leopold Center-funded project about special Iowa-based foods receives wider dissemination on a web site containing facts, photos, and interviews with the food producers.

Using contracts to expand produce market opportunities, 2007, #M18-2005
Abstract: Contracts and market agreements could help local food producers manage the risk of increasing production while guaranteeing supplies for potential purchasers.

Web-based interactive decision model for determining economic feasibility of growing grapes and establishing a small winery for wine and grape juice, 2006, #M16-2004
Abstract: Farmers and entrepreneurs interested in growing grapes and producing wine receive a realistic picture of the process and what it takes to be successful by using these web-based decision-making tools.

New! Developing ecologically sound and profitable alternative fertilizer and manure phosphorus management strategies, 2008, #E2004-29
Abstract: Revised guidelines for the Iowa State University (ISU) phosphorus (P) recommendations and ISU P management may be needed. This project utilized fertilizer and poultry manure P and experiments at research farms and producers’ fields with corn-soybean or alfalfa-corn rotations to evaluate several P management practices and provide new knowledge about P management.

Development of guidelines for application of swine manure to optimize nitrogen management for corn, 1999, #96-10
Abstract: Results from on-farm trials were analyzed to develop guidelines that will help farmers evaluate and improve their manure-N management, including utilizing swine manure as a cost-effective substitute for commercial fertilizer. The experimental methods included use of the late-spring test for soil nitrate and the end-of-season test for cornstalk nitrate to measure N availability at each research site.

Education based incentive program to enhance long-term adoption of sustainable
nutrient/pest management--a demonstration with farmers in northeast Iowa, 2000, #97-21
Abstract: The Nutrient and Pest Management Incentive (NPMI) Education program used education to encourage producers to adopt environmentally sound management practices. Participants received small incentive payments to participate in a three-year series of workshops that showed them how to devise nutrient management plans for their own farms.

Environmental impacts of the use of the use of poultry manure on water quality, 2004, #99-68
Abstract: The significant expansion of the U.S. poultry industry has led to questions about the effects of large amounts of poultry manure on the surface and groundwater. These are the final year's results of a field study on how poultry manure application can affect water supplies.

Impacts of swine manure application and alternative N-management practices on productivity, sustainability, and water quality, 1998, #97-60
Abstract: In the fourth year of this ongoing project, the effects of nine N-management practices under different tillage and cropping systems were evaluated. Forty experimental plots equipped with individual sumps and subsurface drainage metering and monitoring devices were used for the study. Overall results indicate that manure application rates and methods can be successfully managed for corn-soybean systems without damaging the water quality if the appropriate amount of N from swine manure can be applied.

Mahaska County livestock manure/crop nutrient management demonstration project, 1998, #95-05
Abstract: The project was developed from the requests of Mahaska County producers for information related to management of their livestock systems. Through surveys, sampling, and demonstrations, it was learned that there is a continuing need for individualized consulting linking manure and nutrient management. Producers also want more guidance about residue management and consistency of manure nutrient content.

Nitrogen conservation in swine manure composting -- land application systems, 2001, #99-62
Abstract: The use of bedding in the popular hooped houses for swine production generates large volumes of manure that composts easily. However, composting results in nutrient losses, especially for nitrogen, which then diminish its value as a fertilizer. This study looks at carbon and nitrogen dynamics in the composting process and subsequent soil mineralization.


Optimizing solid manure application by improving distribution, 2004, #01-24
Abstract: Improving the uniformity of manure distribution may make it a more effective substitute for commercial fertilizer and allow farmers to take proper nutrient credit for the manure. Manure-spreading equipment or application techniques may need to be modified to be more efficient.

Optimizing swine hoop manure management of soil quality and crop system performance, 2003, #00-42
Abstract: What is the best way to deal with manure from hoop hog structures and other deep-bedding systems? This study offers agronomic and economic data to help farmers make a sound manure management decision.

Reducing anhydrous ammonia application by optimizing distribution, 2003, #00-34
Abstract: Anhydrous ammonia is one of the most popular ways to fertilize U.S. crops. As it has risen in cost, farmers and researchers have been seeking more efficient ways to apply this nitrogen fertilizer.

Socio-technical and environmental dimensions of swine manure management decisions, 2001, #99-69
Abstract: Once strictly a farm management concern, manure management is now a matter of state and societal interest. This qualitative study examines why and how farmers in two Iowa watersheds make decisions about manure management for their operations. Farmers interviewed explained the motives, logic, opportunities, and constraints that guide their use of particular management practices.

Soil amendment effects on crop-weed interactions, 2003, #00-11
Abstract: The used bedding from hooped hog production structures can be composted and spread on farm fields as a soil amendment. Researchers studied how this composted material affects crop yields, weed growth, and soil components.

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Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture
Ames, Iowa 50011, (515) 294-3711
URL: www.leopold.iastate.edu